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pale, cooling the surface level of the skin reflexively causes tremor, a feeling
of cold – chills. There is an inhibition of perspiration and evaporation. Patients
have frequent breathing and heartbeat. Increasing the temperature of 1 °C leads
to the increasing of the pulse rate by 8–10 beats per minute, and breathing by
4 respiratory movements per minute.
Aid.
It is necessary to provide the patient by quiet, to put him to bed, to cover
him well with a blanket, to put heater to his feet, to give him hot tea. Medical
therapy should be due to the prescription of a doctor. It is important to warm the
patient to eliminate vascular spasm, tremor.
Stage II
– the stage of constantly elevated temperature. It is characterized by
the preferential balance of heat production and heat transfer processes. At this
stage, the chills and muscle tremor became less, sweating increases, the spasm
of the skin vessels decreases and disappears, so that the paleness of the skin is
replaced by their hyperemia. During a fever, toxic products are absorbed into
the blood, so the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, excretory systems suffer.
Patients has tachycardia, tachypnoe, sometimes there is a decrease of blood
pressure (BP). At the height of fever, in some patients may develop delusions
and hallucinations, and in young children – cramps, vomiting.
Aid.
Athightemperature,theriskofcramps,delirium,hallucinationsindividual
nursing unit should be organized.At the same time, the nurse constantly monitors
the condition and behavior of the patient, counts the pulse, BP, the frequency
of respiratory movements, measures the temperature every 2–3 hours, conducts
prevention of bedsores, makes enemas with constipation. At this stage, the
patient should be “cooled”, he should be dressed in something light, but not
undressed, it can not be wrapped. He receives cool, vitaminized drink. Feeding
of patients is carried out 5–6 times a day, in small portions.
Stage III
– the stage of falling temperature. It is characterized by a dec-
reasing of heat production and increasing of heat transfer (peripheral
blood vessels expand, sweating increases significantly, evaporation increases
due to an increase in breathing rate) due to the termination of the action of
pyrogenes on the center of heat regulation. The gradual decreasing of body
temperature for several days is called lysis (lytic decreasing), quick drop of the
body temperature for a few hours is called a crisis (critical decrease).
The crisis can be complicated by acute vascular insufficiency-collapse.
It manifests itself as a severe weakness, profuse sweating, pale and cyanosis of