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• Ultrasonic.
• Electron-mesh or membrane.
Enteral way of administration of drugs
(tablets, pills, powders, dragee,
mixtures, infusions, etc.) is the most simple, convenient and widespread. The
disadvantages of this method are:
• partial inactivation of the drug in the liver;
• dependence of the action on age, individual sensitivity and pathological
processes in the body;
• slow absorption in the digestive tract;
• inability to administer drugs through the mouth in vomiting and uncon-
scious conditions of the patient.
Under the tongue (sublingual), as a rule, are administered drugs of rapid
action. In this case, the medicinal form may be different (tablets, capsules,
solutions). Drugs taken under the tongue are quickly absorbed, not destroyed
by enzymes of the digestive tract and enter the blood, bypassing the liver.
In the rectum, liquid (decoctions, solutions, mucus), as well as solid
(suppositories) dosage forms are introduced, that become liquid at the body
temperature. In this case, drugs can act as a resorptive, being absorbed into the
blood through hemorrhoidal veins, and locally – on the mucous membrane of
the rectum. Before the introduction of drugs into the rectum (except laxatives)
a cleansing enema should be done to the patient.
THEME 7:
PARENTERAL METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION
MEDICINES
Purpose
: to acquaint with parenteral ways of introduction of medicinal
substances; training in performing subcutaneous and intramuscular injections
(on the simulator).
As a result of studying the topic, the student must know:
1. Parenteral methods of administration of drugs.
2. The method of preparation of the nurse’s hands and the patient’s skin
for injection.
3. Algorithms of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections with the use of
simulators.
4. A set of medicines from an ampoule and a bottle.
5. Possible complications in parenteral administration of drugs and measures
of emergent help with anaphylactic shock.