000474

If you do not comply with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics,

postinjection

complications

can develop such as:

infiltration, abscess, needle failure during injection, medical embolism,

air embolism, damage to nerve trunks, thrombophlebitis, necrosis of tissues,

hematoma (hemorrhage under the skin), sepsis (generalized form of infection),

fainting, allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock.

Anaphylactic shock

is an acute systemic allergic reaction of type I

sensitized organism to repeated introduction of allergen, clinically manifested

by hemodynamic disorders with the development of insufficiency of blood

circulation and tissue hypoxia in all vital organs and threatening the patient’s life.

Medical care is provided immediately in case of an anaphylactic shock:

• immediately stop administering the drug and call the doctor to RES media-

tor, stay with the patient next;

• apply a tourniquet above the injection site for 25 minutes (if possible), ev-

ery 10 minutes to loosen the tourniquet for 1–2 minutes, apply ice or a bag with

cold water for 15 minutes to the injection place;

• place the patient in a horizontal position (with the lowered head end), turn

the head to the side and push the lower jaw (to avoid aspiration of vomit), re-

move removable dentures;

• provide fresh air and oxygen supply;

• when stopping breathing and circulation, carry out cardiopulmonary resus-

citation in the ratio of 30 chest compressions and 2 artificial inhalation «from

the mouth to the mouth» or «from the mouth to the nose»;

• inject 0.1% solution of adrenaline 0.3–0.5 ml intramuscularly;

• provide intravenous access and to start an intravenous drip of 0.9% sodium

chloride solution;

• enter prednisolone 60–150 mg in 20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solu-

tion intravenously (or dexamethasone 8–32 mg).

THEME 8:

OBSERVATION AND CARE OF PATIENTS WITH DYS-

FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Purpose

: to form knowledge of the symptoms of the respiratory system

diseases and the first aid in them;

As a result of studying the topic, the student must know:

1. The main symptoms of respiratory diseases: dyspnea, suffocation, cough,

hemoptysis, pulmonary bleeding. First aid.