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2. «Artificial nose». Air is passed through the corrugated foil on the face of

the patient. The foil is heated by breathing and condenses the exhaled moisture,

giving it when inhaled.

3. Aerosol inhaler is the most reliable way. It creates a suspension of tiny

droplets of water in the gas composition.

Types of oxygen supply.

1. With nasal catheters. To prevent drying of the mucous, the mixture is

moistened by passing through water. The patient is given the composition

through a nasal catheter (cannula) under pressure of 2–3 atmospheres. The

equipment includes two pressure gauges showing the pressure in the cylinder

and at the outlet.

2. Through a special mask that should fit tightly to the face. Giving mixture is

also moistened.

3. The device of artificial ventilation of lungs. In this method, the gas is

supplied through an intubation tube.

Oxygen cushion as a method of oxygen therapy is not effective, but can be

used in offices where there is no centralized supply of oxygen or at home. The

oxygen cushion is a rubberized bag with a capacity from 10 to 75 liters, equipped

with a rubber tube with a crane and a mouthpiece. The volume of the oxygen-air

mixture in the pillow with a capacity of 10–25 liters is enough for 5–7 min. Before

applying you need to make sure that it is filled with gas from a cylinder (external

pressure gauge should show 2–3ATM.) and a clamp is placed on the outgoing tube.

Recently, in clinics and at home for patients who need oxygen therapy

for a long time, an oxygen concentrator is used. This device, when air passes

through it, delays nitrogen molecules and passes oxygen molecules, concen-

trates them, producing a 95% oxygen mixture as a result. An important condi-

tion is the access of fresh air, the concentrator can work for a long time, the rate

of oxygen supply is 3–5 l/min.

With the frequent use of pure oxygen or inhalation mixtures with oxygen

concentration, oxygen intoxication can develop, the main manifestation of

which are lesions in the respiratory organs and in the central nervous system.

This is determined by dry mouth, the occurrence of dry cough, chest pain. Later

spasms of peripheral vessels may occur. Convulsive syndrome and violation of

thermoregulation may indicate hyperoxic damage to the central nervous sys-

tem, may cause mental disorders and the development of a comatose state.