000474

There are systolic (max) blood pressure, when the first tone is heard, and

diastolic (min) blood pressure, when the tones stop. Normal blood pressure

numbers range: systolic 100 to 140 mm Hg.; diastolic from 60 to 90 mm Hg..

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called pulse

pressure.

The main symptoms of diseases of the circulatory system

Pain behind

the breastbone

(coronary, anginal pain). They are based on

myocardial hypoxia, that occurs as a result of imbalance between the heart muscle

need in oxygen and its delivery to the blood. It caused by a disorder of coronary

circulation as a result of spasm of coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis.

Anginous pain is characteristic for an attack of angina pectoris and for

myocardial infarction. By the nature the pain is compressing, burning, radiating to

the left scapula, back, arm, neck, accompanied by a sense of fear of death.

Inh an attack of angina pectoris, the pain is short-term up to 20 minutes, is

removed by nitroglycerin after 1–5 minutes. In myocardial infarction, pain is

more intense than in angina pectoris, prolonged to several hours, not removed

by nitroglycerin.

In addition, patients may complain of pain in the heart (non-coronary pain

associated with myocardial lesions), heartbeat, shortness of breath, headache,

swelling of the legs.

Help in angina attack:

1. Call a doctor through a third person.

2. Provide complete physical, mental rest to the patient.

3. Measure blood pressure, palpate pulse.

4. Give a tablet of nitroglycerin under the tongue (if blood pressure is below

100 mm Hg. art., nitroglycerin can not be given, because it reduces blood

pressure):

5. Put mustard plaster on the heart and chest.

6. Put the heater under the left scapula blade, make a hot bath for the left

hand.

7. To carry out oxygen therapy.

8. Give valokardin or korvalola – 20 drops in warm water.

If the pain does not stop and last 30 minutes or more, it can develop a

myocardial infarction.

9. On the doctor’s prescription, administer pain medications, remove the ECG.