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The patient has be transported on a stretcher to the cardiac clinic to the In-

tensive Care Department, bypassing the admitting room. Sanitary treatment

(if necessary) is carried out partial (wiping).

Hypertensive crisis

– a sharp increase in blood pressure. There is a pressing,

pulsating headache (more often in the back of the head), there may be dizziness,

nausea, vomiting, noise in the head, flickering “flies” before the eyes.

Help in hypertensive crisis:

1. Call a doctor through a third person.

2. Calm him, make lay with elevated head end, provide full physical,

mental rest.

3. To measure blood pressure in both hands, to palpate a pulse.

4. To provide access to fresh air, perform oxygen therapy (with help of

oxygen bag).

5. Distracting procedures: put mustard on the back of the head, calf muscles,

put cupping glasses along the spine, apply a cold compress on the forehead, hot

or mustard foot, hand baths.

6. Offer to take 20 drops valokardin or korvalola with water.

7. Prepare medicines due to doctor prescription.

8. Leeches on the mastoid process or bloodletting.

Edema

is associated with a violation of the contractility of the heart, more

often localized on the lower limbs, in long horizontal position of the patient – in

the lumbar region, appear in the evening and decrease in the morning, have a

bluish tint. In the treatment of a patient with edema, it is important to monitor

the amount of drunk and isolated fluid. Daily diuresis should be 70–80% of the

drunk liquid (1–1.5 l), if less, this may indicate fluid retention and the formation

of edema. In addition, it is necessary to regularly weigh the patient – weight

gain is also observed with the appearance of edema.

Heart asthma

is a manifestation of acute left ventricular failure, there is

an attack of severe breathing difficulties (paroxysm of inspiratory suffocation).

Causes: rheumatic fever, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, severe arterial

hypertension.

Help in attack of cardiac asthma:

1. Call a doctor through a third person.

2. Normalize the emotional condition of the patient.

3. Give the patient a semi-sitting position with his legs lowered.