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1. to conduct a psychological conversation with the patient, to convince him

of the need for the upcoming study for the correct diagnosis, to obtain consent

to the study;

2. warn the patient about the time and place of the study;

3. to warn the patient to bring a «Medical card» or «Outpatient card» and

a towel;

4. for three days before the study a special diet (excluded rye bread, milk,

fruit) is assigned to avoid flatulence;

5. in case of flatulence, the doctor prescribes activated carbon tablets or

enzyme preparations;

6. if a study of the function of the gallbladder is prescribed, then it is necessary

to bring sorbitol (for the study of the contractile function of the gallbladder);

7. the study is conducted on an empty stomach

Urgent conditions in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Gastrointestinal bleeding

is the outpouring of blood of different intensity in

the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Causes of bleeding are peptic ulcer of

stomach or 12‑duodenum, stomach cancer, varicose veins of the esophagus,

erosive gastritis, ulcers of the esophagus, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, diver-

ticula of the intestine, etc., or diseases of the respiratory system, due to the in-

gestion of blood.

Clinical picture. The hidden period is characterized by signs of violation

of intra-abdominal blood circulation: there is weakness, dizziness, noise, ring-

ing in the head, nausea, sweating, fainting, abdominal pain disappears.

The period of profuse hemorrhage is characterized by the following:

• in gastric bleeding it is vomiting with coffee grounds color, black liquid or

tarry stool (melena);

• in intestinal bleeding – the stool is red, or streaked with blood;

• in esophageal bleeding vomiting is with dark red blood, melena.

First aid.

Call a doctor through the 3rd person.

2. Keep to the patient rest in a horizontal position. Calm the patient put his

head to one side.

3. Measure blood pressure, calculate pulse.

4. Put an ice bag on the epigastric region.

5. Prohibit to drink, eat, talk, do not give medicines through the mouth