000474

Vomiting

is a complex reflex act of involuntary ejection of the contents of the

stomach or intestines through the esophagus, pharynx, mouth and nasal passages.

Vomiting occurs not only in various diseases of the digestive system, but also

• in increasing intracranial pressure, in fever (central vomiting)

• in case of poisoning – hematogenous and toxic vomiting

Frequent abundant and indomitable vomiting refers to conditions that require

emergency assistance, as it leads to the development of severe disorders in the body:

• dehydration and electrolyte shifts;

• aspiration of the respiratory tract, causing severe inspiratory dyspnea, and

thus aspiration pneumonia.

First aid.

Seat or put the patient on his side, with his head tilted down, on the floor

put the basin, or to the corner of the mouth put a tray or towel.

2. Part of the vomit collect for laboratory testing, the remaining vomit

should be neutralized.

3. After vomiting, give the patient rinse his mouth with warm water.

Weakened patients treat the oral cavity with a spatula with a napkin or clean the

oral cavity with a cotton swab moistened with water, 2% sodium bicarbonate,

0.01% potassium permanganate solution;

4. Maintain an environment of privacy of the patient;

5. Ensure the presence of an electric pump in case of asphyxia;

6. Teach the patient to the method of relaxation and breathing to reduce the

urge to vomit.

Stool analysis

1. The complete analysis of feces.

The patient empties the bowels in the morning from 6.00 till 7.00, then with

a spatula puts it in a vial of 5–10g of feces.

2. Feces on helminth eggs.

The analysis is given in the same way as the previous one, the feces should

be delivered to the laboratory immediately.

3. The fecal occult blood test.

For this study, preparation is necessary – within 3 days of the diet excluded

products containing iron: meat, fish, red vegetables, and the patient does not brush

his teeth, so as not to injure the mucous membrane (he can rinse his mouth). To

exclude from treatment drugs iron. In the morning, the patient empties the intes-

tine, and a small amount of feces should be put with a spatula in a bubble.