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tence. Thus, the nurse does not consider the disease, but
the reaction of the patient
and his family to the disease and their altered state
. This is included in the concept
of «
patient problem
».
Table 1.
The basic needs of V. Henderson
Levels of basic human needs
according to Maslow
Types of daily activities
according to V. Henderson
Physiological needs
To breathe normally.
Consume sufficient food and liquid.
Excrete waste products from the body.
Move and maintain the desired position.
Sleep and rest
The need for security
To dress and undress yourself, choose clothes.
Maintain body temperature within normal limits
by selecting appropriate clothing and changing
the environment.
Observe personal hygiene, take care of appear-
ance.
Ensure your own safety and not create danger for
other people.
Social needs
To maintain communication with other people,
Express their opinions.
Perform religious rites according to your faith.
The need for respect and self-respect To do the work you love.
Relax, take part in entertainment and games.
Satisfy your curiosity in order to develop nor-
mally.
This reaction can be:
• physiological;
• psychological;
• social;
• spiritual.
In this regard, the patient's problems identified by the nurse may relate to the
physiological, psychological, spiritual or social spheres of person's life. So the task
of the second stage is to identify the problems of the patient. The patient's problems
are divided into existing and potential ones.
Existing problems
are the problems
that are bothering the patient at the moment. For example, in acute myocardial in-
farction, the patient’s current problem may be heart pain, stress, limited mobility,
or lack of self-movement.
Potential problems
are those that don’t exist yet, but
may appear over time. This patient may have potential problems such as irregular
bowel movements and the risk of developing bedsores. In most cases, there are
several problems, and the nurse can’t start solving them at the same time. There-