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3. Age-related anatomical and physiological features of the respiratory system;

4. age-related anatomical and physiological features of the cardiovascular

system;

5. Age-related anatomical and physiological features of the digestive system;

6. Age-related anatomical and physiological features of the respiratory system;

Content of the training material

The processes of human aging are studied by gerontology (Greek. gerents – old

man, logos-teaching, science).

Geriatrics (Greek. gerents-old man, Atria-treatment) is a borderline section of

gerontology and internal diseases that studies the features of diseases of elderly

and senile people and develops methods for their treatment and prevention.

One of the fundamental questions of gerontology is the question of age (tab.3).

All these periods are conditional, representing continuous development, and their

borders are individual.

It is necessary to strictly distinguish the concepts of aging and old age, their

causes and consequences. Old age is a naturally occurring final period of age-

related development. Aging is a universal endogenous destructive process that de-

velops as a result of the damaging effects of exogenous and endogenous factors

that increase with age, leading to a lack of physiological functions of the body,

a decrease in its reliability, the development of age-related pathology and manifest-

ing itself in an increase in the probability of death.

Table 2.

Classification of age groups (who, 1963)

Age group

Age, years

Young age

Adulthood

Middle age

Old age

Centenarians

18–29

30–44

45–59

60–74

75–89

90 and older

Environmental factors affecting biological processes affect life expectancy.

It is necessary to differentiate between natural (physiological) aging and pre-

mature aging.

Natural aging is characterized by a certain rate and sequence of changes that

correspond to the biological, adaptive and regulatory capabilities of a given human

population.

Premature (accelerated) aging is characterized by an earlier development of

age-related changes or their greater severity in a particular age period.

Risk factors for premature aging include: chronic diseases, adverse environ-

mental factors, bad habits, lack of exercise, poor nutrition, burdened heredity (short