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History of nursing in Russia

Traditionally in Russia, monasteries were not only spiritual, but also physical hos-

pitals. After the adoption of Christianity, «hospital wards» were created in monaster-

ies. The place where pain puts a person «prostrate» became known as «hospitals».

Since 1829, paramedic (nursing) schools have been established in large hospitals.

The new stage in the development of nursing care in Russia is associated with

the organization of communities of nurses. The sisters of mercy took care of the

sick, both in the community and at home, and also served on duty in the city’s

hospitals. On the initiative of N. I. Pirogov, the Holy cross community of sisters

of mercy was established in 1854 to provide assistance to the wounded during

hostilities. In 1867, The Society for the care of wounded and sick soldiers was

organized in Russia, which was renamed to the Russian Red Cross Society in 1879.

From that time on, the training of nurses became one of its tasks.

In the following years, the sisters of mercy worked to eliminate the epidemics

of cholera (1880–1881), typhus and scurvy (1899), and participated in providing

medical assistance to migrants (1880–1890). In 1917, the first Congress of the sisters

of mercy was held. Currently, nurses may receive education at medical schools as

well as in medical colleges. A multi-level system of training nurses from basic to

higher and postgraduate has been introduced.

In 1994, the interregional Association of nurses of Russia was established. The

ethical code of nurses in Russia has been developed.

In 1998, the first all-Russian Congress of secondary medical workers (the

official name for nurses) was held and congresses were held in many regions of

Russia, including the Udmurt Republic in 1999. Departments of nursing care were

organized in hospitals and health care centers. The nursing process as the scientific

method of organizing nursing care began to be introduced.

Philosophy of nursing

Philosophy is an integral system of views on nature, society, and thinking, based

on the moral ideas of a certain group of people. It is an expression of the worldview

and affirms the core values, beliefs, and intentions of this group of people. This is

a way to understand your role and your meaning in society.

The philosophy of nursing is a part of the General philosophy that gives an un-

derstanding of nursing, represents the established beliefs about it. This philosophy

defines the significance, goals, place in the society of nursing, the system of views and

principles on which it is based.

Nursing is the worldview of a nurse in relation to basic

human values, a system of views on the relationship between medical professionals,

the patient, society and the environment.

This philosophy is based on universal princi-

ples of ethics and morality. The philosophy of nursing is based on four basic concepts:

• patient as a person;

• nursing as a science and art;