000564

Providing personal hygiene measures.

It is often difficult for elderly and senile patients to serve themselves. You should

help them change their bed linen and underwear, and if necessary, take care of their

hair, nails, etc. Bathing is necessary 1–2 times a week, it is recommended to use

soap with a high fat content to prevent dry skin and itching, it is recommended to

use a cream to reduce dry skin. Feet should be washed daily using a brush, nails

should be cut in a timely manner and calluses should be removed.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the patient’s oral cavity. The nurse

should give the patient boiled water after each meal so that he can rinse his mouth

thoroughly. The nurse is required to wipe the mouth of a seriously ill patient with a

swab moistened with 1% hydrogen peroxide solution or sodium bicarbonate solu-

tion. When caring for a patient who is on bed rest for a long time, it is necessary to

carefully care for the skin and prevent bedsores. The nurse should help the patient

change the position in bed, periodically, if his condition allows, sit on the bed, prop-

ping up pillows on all sides for stability, lightly massage the back, feet and hands.

It is necessary to monitor the physiological functions of patients and, if nec-

essary, regulate the intestinal function by diet (including dried fruits, lactic acid

products, etc.), using laxatives or enemas as prescribed by a doctor.

The nurse should immediately inform the doctor about any deterioration in the

patient’s health or the appearance of new symptoms. Before his arrival, you need

to lay the patient or help him to take the appropriate position (for example, if the

patient is suffocating, take a sitting or half-sitting position), provide rest, and if

necessary, provide first aid.

Injury prevention.

Accidents are quite common in the elderly. They can occur both outdoors

and indoors, particularly in wards, bathrooms, toilets, and hospital corridors. The

causes of falls can be reduced vision, hearing, lack of coordination of movements

and inability to maintain balance, dizziness, weakness.

Special attention should be paid to the prevention of possible injuries. Bruis-

es and fractures (especially the femoral neck) immobilize patients, accompanied

by the development of complications such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism,

which can lead to death. When washing the patient in the bath, you need to support

him, help him get in and out of the bath, and a rubber Mat should be placed on the

floor so that the patient does not slip. Bathrooms must be equipped with supports

(handrails), emergency alarms, and the bath must not be closed from the inside.

In geriatric practice, a shower with a temperature of no more than 35 degrees is

recommended, rather than a bath, a shower is taken standing or sitting, or the pa-

tient is washed by medical staff (on a special couch) in a warm and well-ventilated

room. The nurse is obliged to monitor the condition of the hospital premises and

their sufficient illumination. There should be no foreign objects on the floor, the