000295

68 University, the Faculty of Medicine. At 18 he graduated with honours. By 22 he had defended his doctoral thesis. By 27 he had already become a professor of surgery at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia). It was one of the largest universities in Europe at that time. He did research into anatomy and surgery. He was the founder of topographic anatomy and field surgery. The doctor took part in four wars. He was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether. In 1847 in the Caucasus and in 1855 in Crimea Pirogov performed about 10,000 operations under anaesthesia. He was the first to operate on patients who had bullet wounds (пулевые ранения) in the abdomen. He also started to use plaster casts. It helped to avoid amputa- tions. Today Pirogov’s methods are used in studying and teaching anatomy. 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих русских фраз: один из самых выдающихся хирургов невероятный свободно говорить на иностранных языках окончить с отличием защитить докторскую диссертацию основатель военно-полевой хирургии использовать эфир под наркозом оперировать больных избежать ампутаций 4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту. 1) Was Pirogov’s life story incredible? 2) When and where was Pirogov born? 3) Where did he study? 4) When did he become a professor? 5) What is Pirogov famous for? 6) How many operations did Pirogov perform under anaesthesia during wars? 7) What operations did he perform? 8) Why was it important to use plaster casts? 9) Are his methods used in teaching medicine nowadays?