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108 The gum also called the gingiva is the frm connective tissue covered with mucous membrane that surrounds the alveolar process of the teeth. The gums are usually attached to the enamel of the tooth somewhere along the crown, but the gum line gradually recedes as we get older. 2. Are these statements true or false? 1. All types of teeth have the same roots. 2. At the apex of each root is the apical foramen. 3. The dentine forms the bulk of the tooth. 4. The dentine is insensitive yellowish portion surrounding the pulp cavity. 5. The enamel is extremely sensitive. 6. The enamel is the hardest substance in the body. 7. The cement covers the crown. 8. The pulp contains nerves and blood vessels. 9. The gum is the soft connective tissue covered with mucous membrane. 10.The gum line gradually recedes as we get older. UNIT 5 1. Read the text. Oral Hygiene Oral hygiene consists simply of keeping the teeth free of food debris, thus preventing plaque formation which leads to dental disease. It can be achieved by cleaning the teeth regularly after meals and not eating between meals. Cleaning is best performed by brushing as this is the only way of removing plaque. If brushing is not possible, food debris can be removed by finihing the meal with a detergent food. Such foods are raw, frm, fbrous fruits or vegetables, e. g. apples, pears, carrots, celery, etc. By virtue of their tough fbrous consistency they require much chewing and thereby scour the teeth clean of food remnants. Although it is easy enough to brush the teeth or eat an apple after meals at home, it may often be inconvenient elsewhere. On such occasions a plain water mouth rinse, which can be swallowed afterwards, is better than nothing. Of all these methods of cleaning teeth, toothbrushing is the most ef‑ fective. When properly done it removes plaque, whereas deteigent foods can only clean away loose food particles. Thus the role of detergent