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29 There are the following ways of introducing drugs into the body 1. External – through the skin, through the mucous membranes, through the upper respiratory tract. 2. Enteral (through the gastrointestinal tract) – through the mouth, under the tongue, into the rectum. 3. Parenteral (bypassing the gastrointestinal tract) way of administration medicines – in the tissue, in the cavity, in the vessels. For external way of administering drugs the following forms of medicinal products are used: ointments, emulsions, solutions, mash, tinctures, powders, etc., which have an effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the ear, nose, eyes, etc. For the introduction of these dosage forms such methods are used: the impo- sition of compresses, lotions, the use of powders, smudging, rubbing, and bandag- es on the wound surface, the instillation of drops (to nose, eyes, ears), inhalations. The sequence of actions in instilling drops to the ear (fig.12) 1. Read the name of the drug. 2. Heat the drug solution to body tem- perature in a water bath. 3. Prepare the pipette. 4. Tell to the patient the necessary infor- mation about the drug and explain the course of the procedure. 5. Help to the patient to lie on his side or to sit, tilting his head aside. 6. Type 5–6 drops of the drug into the pi- pette (if you need to drop drops into one ear). 7. Pull the auricle back and up, drip drops into the ear. 8. Ask the patient to lie on his side for 10–15 minutes. The sequence of actions in instilling drops in the eye (fig.13) 1. Wash hands thoroughly. 2. Prepare a pipette, sterile cotton balls, eye drops. Read the label on the bottle with drops. Fig. 12. Introduction of drugs  in the ear Fig.13. Introduction of drugs to the eye