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45 Choking (asthma) – paroxysmal sudden onset of severe shortness of breath (sudden shortness of breath with deep inhale and exhalation, increased RR and a painful feeling of tightness in the chest and lack of air). Asthma is divided into bronchial and cardiac (heart failure). Help with bronchial asthma attack: 1. Call a doctor through a third person. 2. Calm the patient, give him a semi-sitting position. 4. Release the chest from the constraining clothes, provide fresh air (open the window). 5. Make oxygen therapy. 6. Control the respiratory rate, pulse rate and blood pressure. 7. Make inhalation of bronchodilator by pocket inhaler. 8. By doctor prescription prepare and administer drugs. Cough  is protective reflex act aimed at removing sputum or foreign bodies with a sharp exhalation from the bronchi and upper respiratory tract. Cough can be dry (without sputum) and wet (with sputum). Sputum is a pathological secretion of the respiratory tract, releasind dur- ing cough. The nature of sputum is determined by its composition. There are mucous, serous, purulent, mixed, bloody variants of sputum. The color of the sputum is determined by its nature, the presence of blood elements, impurities and pigments in it. For disinfection of the sputum use the next methods: 1. boiling in 2% soda solution for 30 minutes; 2. filling with 5–10% potassium permanganate; 3. sprinkling dry chlorine lime (at the rate of 20 g per 1 liter of sputum) for 2 hours; 4. filling with 5% chloramine solution for 2 hours. After disinfection sputum can be drained into the sewer. The patient can not spit the sputum on the floor or in a handkerchief, you must use an individual spittoon with a lid. In public places, the patient should restrain the cough or cover his mouth with a handkerchief, should observe a culture of cough, observe rules of personal hygiene. The sequence of care actions of patient that has dry cough. 1. Distraction procedures: the cupping glasses, mustard plasters, mustard foot baths, capsicum plaster.