474

49 Taking sputum for analysis 1. General sputum analysis. In the morning, the patient takes the sputum to a clean dry jar with a tightly closed lid. Before that, he does not take food, water, medicines, does not brush his teeth, to prevent injuring the mucous. The patient rinse mouth with boiled water, cough and spit the sputum into the jar. 2. Analysis of the microflora to determine its sensitivity to antibiotics. In the morning before breakfast, the patient not eating, not drinking, not smoking, not brushing his teeth. Sputum should be coughed in a sterile jar with a lid or in a Petri dish, the patient should spit sputum without touching the edges of the jar. 3. Sputum analysis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient collects all the sputum, released during coughing during the day, in a sterile dry jar, which is stored in a cool place. If the sputum is not enough, it can be collected for 3 days, with a jar of sputum stored in the refrigerator. THEME 9: OBSERVATION AND CARE OF PATIENTS WITH DISEAS- ES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Purpose: to form knowledge of the main symptoms of diseases of the cardiovascular system and first aid in them; to learn to measure blood pressure, to characterize the pulse As a result of studying the topic, the student must know: 1. Technique for determination of pulse, blood pressure, their properties, digital and graphical recording. 2. The main symptoms of diseases of the cardiovascular system (pain in the heart, shortness of breath, swelling). 3. Urgent conditions in cardiology: angina attack, hypertensive crisis, heart asthma. Urgent pre-hospital care. 4. The concept of the causes of acute vascular insufficiency (fainting, collapse, shock), first aid. the student must be able to do: 1. To determine the characteristics of the pulse of the patient, to make a digital and graphical recording, to interpret the data. 2. To measure blood pressure, make digital and graphic recording, interpret the data. 3. To determine the swelling on the legs and lower back of the patient.