474

66 3. failure to comply with the rules of asepsis leads to infection of the urina- ry tract. The purpose of catheterization : to ensure the safe outflow of urine by introducing a urological catheter into the urine bladder. Indications: acute urinary retention (more than 6 hours); urine bladder lavage; administration of drugs into the bladder; taking urine for laboratory testing when another pathway is impossible (for example, a patient in a comatose state). Contraindications: acute inflammation of the urine bladder and urinary tract; tumors of the urethra and bladder; suspected rupture of the urethra due to injury, the presence of blood in the urethra; hematoma of perineum and suprapubic region; urethral stricture. Equipment : soft catheter, sterile forceps, glicerine, a bedpan, sterile gloves, cotton balls, bandages. Possible complications : damage to the wall of the urethra, infectious complications. Measures to prevent the development of complications: 1. Compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis in the preparation and execution of the procedure. 2. Compliance with the technique of bladder catheterization. 3. Ensuring the hygiene of the perineum after the discharge of urine. The sequence of actions when performing catheterization 1.  treat hands in a hygienic manner and put on gloves; 2. make a toilet of the genitals; 3. remove gloves, to carry out hygienic treatment of hands and to put on sterile gloves; 4. take a sterile forceps as a «writing» pen, take the catheter, retreating from the blind end to 5–6 cm, the free end keep clamped between 4–5 fingers of the same hand; 5. lubricate the end of the catheter with a sterile water-based glycerin solution; 6. put the outer end of the catheter into the urine collection vessel; 7. move apart the small and large labia with the fingers of the left hand, expose the hole of the urethra; 8. using sterile forceps, enter the catheter in the entrance of the urethra and move it inside till the separation of urine;