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30 THEME 4. ANAMNESIS Purpose of studying the topic: • correctly conduct questioning of the patient As a result of studying the topic the student should know: 1. Method of collecting anamnesis; 2. Main sections of anamnesis, requirements for each of them; 3. Possible errors when collecting anamnesis. the student must be able to : 1.Properly and effectively for the diagnosis to collect a history; 2. Specify each patient’s complaint; 3. Highlight the main and related complaints; 4. Collect anamnesis from different categories of patients (with speech, memory, hearing, etc.). Content of the training material According to Professor G. A. Zakharyin, questioning is «slow and difficult path». Meanwhile, as S. P. Botkin said: «the subjective feelings of the patient are a guiding thread for the doctor in his work with the patient». Interviewing the patient (interrogatio), one of the most important methods of direct investigation of the patient. Research of the patient by means of question- ing is based mainly on the patient’s memories and therefore is called anamnesis (Greek anamnesis – memory), but the inquiry also includes the analysis and evalu- ation of the patient’s experiences and feelings, i. e. complaints. Questioning plays an extremely important role in the diagnosis of many diseas- es of the internal organs. The complaints that the patient makes when questioned, the characteristic stages of the disease development, some features of the patient’s life history often allow you to make a correct assumption about the diagnosis of the disease from the very beginning, which is later confirmed by other objective meth- ods of research. Such an important question of the patient becomes only when it is conducted methodically correctly, fully and thoroughly. If these conditions are not met, the patient can lead the doctor away from the correct diagnosis. In order to get the most information, the interview, as in any other study, must follow a certain sequence, that is, the interview must be systematic. The General scheme of questioning is presented as follows: • The passport part. • Anamnesis morbi (history of the present disease): 1. Asking about the pa- tient’s complaints about his feelings and experiences; 2.Asking about the dynamics of the disease: about its beginning and subsequent course until the last day, i. e. the day of the patient’s research. • Anamnesis vitae (anamnesis of life): Questioning about the patient’s previ- ous life.