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47 4. Set short-term and long-term goals when solving a specific problem of a pa- tient with a pathology of the respiratory system; 5. Make a plan of nursing interventions to solve a specific problem of a patient with a pathology of the respiratory system. Content of the training material Currently, everywhere, especially in industrially developed countries, there is a significant increase in the number of respiratory diseases, which have already reached the 3rd‑4th place among the causes of death of the population. As for, for example, lung cancer, this pathology in its prevalence is ahead of all other malig- nancies in men. This increase in morbidity is primarily due to the ever-increasing pollution of the surrounding air, smoking, and growing allergization of the popula- tion (primarily due to household chemicals). The first stage of the nursing process (nursing examination of the patient) Main complaints of the patient Cough (tussis ) is a reflex act characterized by a rare increase in intra-chest pressure due to synchronous tension of the respiratory and auxiliary muscles when the glottis is closed, followed by its opening and a push-like forced exhalation, in which their contents are actively removed from the Airways. The physiological role of cough is to clear the Airways of substances that have entered them from the outside during breathing or formed endogenously, if the peristaltic movements of small bronchi and the activity of the ciliated epithelium of large bronchi and trachea do not provide the necessary drainage. Dry, painful cough tires patients, in such cases it is advisable to recommend a warm, alkaline drink (hot milk with Borjomi or with the addition of ½ teaspoon of soda), cans, mustard plasters. Often cough is accompanied by sputum. In the pres- ence of sputum, it is necessary to determine its daily amount, which can range from 10–15 ml to 1 liter or more. Explain that the patient should spit sputum into an indi- vidual spittoon, at the bottom of which a small amount of 0.5% chloramine solution is poured. Spittoons are emptied daily, thoroughly washed, and disinfected. The daily amount of sputum every day is noted in the temperature sheet. It is very important to achieve a free discharge of sputum, since its delay increases the intoxication of the body. Therefore, the patient is helped to find a position (so-called drainage) in which the sputum departs most completely, that is, the bronchial tree is effectively drained. The patient should take this position 1–2 times a day for 20–30 minutes. Shortness of breath  – difficulty breathing, characterized by a feeling of lack of air or a feeling of greater than normal effort made when inhaling or exhaling, viola- tion of the rhythm and strength of respiratory movements. Shortness of breath can be accompanied by both a sharp increase in breathing, and its reduction, up to a stop. Expiratory shortness of breath (difficult exhalation) is one of the most important symptoms of lung diseases, occurs when the lumen of small bronchi and bronchioles is