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54 Shock  is a condition in severe vascular insufficiency, accompanied by severe violations of the functions of vital organs, primarily-blood circulation and breathing. Types of shock: infectious-toxic, anaphylactic, traumatic, hemorrhagic, hy- povolemic, cardiogenic. Hemorrhagic one occurs with blood loss, not associat- ed with trauma. Hypovolemic shock is due to the loss of plasma and other fluids (diarrhea, emacious vomiting, large burn surface, acute pancreatitis, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, etc.). Toxic, anaphylactic, neurogenic types occur as a re- sult of a sharp expansion of the vascular bed without external and internal fluid loss, that is, with relative hypovolemia. Traumatic-due to massive tissue injury and severe blood loss. Help is the treatment of the underlying disease that caused the shock. THEME 10: OBSERVATION AND CARE IN DYSFUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS Purpose : to form knowledge on the main symptoms of diseases of the digestive system and first aid in some emergency conditions. As a result of studying the topic, the student must know: 1. The main symptoms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). 2. Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, first aid. 3. Gastric lavage. Technique of execution. Preparation of the patient and the necessary accessories. Care of patients after the procedure. 4. Enemas. Types of enemas (cleansing, siphon, nutritive, medicinal, hyper- tonic, oil). Technique of making, indications, contraindications. 5. Technique of introduction of a flatus tube, indications, contraindications. 6. Taking feces and sending it to the lab. Preparation of the patient the taking of stool for occult blood. the student must be able to do: 1. To provide first aid in vomiting to seriously ill, collect vomit and send them to the laboratory. 2. To wash out the stomach with a gastric tube. Provide first aid for poisoning. 3. To prepare the patient for x‑ray examination of the stomach and bowel, for fibrogastroscopy, for ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity. 4. To take the feces for research. To prepare the patient for taking feces for occult blood.