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44 The first woman to receive the Medicine Prize was American bio- chemist Gerty Cori. She and her husband, Carl, re- ceived the Noble Prize in 1947 for explaining the me- tabolism of glucose, important aspect of treatment for diabetes. They described the Cori cycle, the ba- sic cellular process in which the body stores sugar in muscle cells as glycogen [ˈɡlaɪkəʊdʒən], sends it to the liver for processing into a usable form, and then sends it back to muscles as glucose. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine also went to Russian scientists. In 1904 Ivan Pavlov received the prize for his work on the physi- ology of digestion. He carried out experiments on the digestive glands, as well as investigated the gastric function of dogs. In 1908 the prize was awarded jointly to Ilya Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich in recognition of their work on immunity. Mechnikov discovered phagocytes and phagocytosis as the basis of natural cellular immunity. Phagocytes protect our body by in- gesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. by T.I. Panina 10. Read the text again and answer the questions. 1) What is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded for? 2) Who established the prize? 3) When and where does the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony happen? 4) Who was the first person to receive the Medicine Prize? What was he awarded the prize for? How did his discovery change people‘s lives? 5) How old was the youngest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine? What was the impact of his discovery? 6) What was Gerty Cori famous for? 7) What Russian scientists received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Med- icine? What discoveries did they make?